美国法院体系

简要介绍了美国的法院体系及案件审理过程

The American Court System 美国法院系统

2.The Federal Court System 联邦法院体系

The federal court system is basically a

three-tiered model consisting of (1) U.S. district courts (trial courts of general jurisdiction) and various courts of limited jurisdiction, (2) U.S. courts of appeals (intermediate courts of appeals), and (3) the United States Supreme Court.

联邦法院体系模式基本上由三个序列组成（１）美国联邦大区法院（拥

有普遍管辖权的初审法院）和各种各样的有限管辖权的法院，（２）美国联邦上诉法院（上诉仲裁法院）和（３）美国联邦最高法院。

Unlike state court judges, who are usually elected, federal court judges—including the justices of the Supreme Court—are appointed by the president of the U.S. and confirmed by Senate. All federal judges receive lifetime appointments (because under Article 3 they “hold their offices during Good Behavior”).

与州法院法官通常由选举产生不同，联邦法院的法官——包括最高法院

的大法官们——是由美国总统提名，由参议院批准。所有的联邦法官都是终

身制（这是由美国联邦宪法第三条“他们品行端正因而受任终身”所规定的）。

a. U.S. District Court 美国联邦区法院

At federal level, the equivalent of a state trial court of general jurisdiction is the district court. There is at least one federal district court in every state. The number of judicial districts can vary over time, primarily owing to population changes and corresponding

第1页下一页