大学英语语语言学

语言学

第一章绪论

1/ What is linguistics?

什么是语言学？

is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general.

2/ The scope of linguistics

语言学的研究范畴

The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. (普通语言学)

The study of sounds, which are used in linguistic communication, is called phonetics. （语音学） （音系学）

The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words are called morphology. （形态学）

（句法学）

The study of meaning in language is called semantics. （语义学）

（语用学）

（社会语言学）

The study of language with reference to the working of mind is called psycho-linguistics. （心理语言学）

The study of applications (as the recovery of speech ability) is generally known as （应用语言学） But in a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second language.

Other related branches include anthropological linguistics, （人类语言学） neurological （神经语言学） （数字语言学）and （计算机语言学）

3/ Some important distinctions in linguistics

语言学研究中的几对基本概念

Prescriptive and descriptive 规定与描写

If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive, if it aims to lay down rules to tell people what they should say and what they should

Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar. Traditional grammar is prescriptive while modern linguistics is descriptive. The task of linguists is supposed to describe the language people actually use, whether it is “correct” or not.

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