新课讲解情态动词
情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。
What can I do for you? 你要什么?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!
情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。
1.Can/could
(1)can 一般表示体,脑力方面的能力,意为“能,会(做某事)”,也可用来表示客观的可能性,意为“可以,可能”。例如:He can swim in the river.I can do the work myself.
The boy can sing in English.I can help you with your housework.
(2)can \could 也可以用于疑问句,否定句中表示“猜测”。如:
He can't be at home.他不可能在家。
(3)can还能用来询问或请求一件事可以不可以做,常用于口语中,相当于may。例如:Can I help you? =May I help you?
can 的否定式是在其后加not,写为cannot 或can't。例如:You can't stay here you can go home now. (4)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
(5)表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
(6)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.
(7)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true? This can’t be done by him.How can this be true?
2.May/ Might
泗水实验中学高一英语备课组第 1 页共 6 页
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