Metabolite profiling of maize grain differentiation

玉米胚芽油很好的参考文献。---英文的

Metabolomics(2009)5:459–477DOI10.1007/s11306-009-0171-5

ORIGINALARTICLE

Metabolitepro lingofmaizegrain:differentiationduetogeneticsandenvironment

¨hligÆJoachimEderÆRichardM.Ro

Karl-HeinzEngel

Received:27April2009/Accepted:30June2009/Publishedonline:15July2009ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2009

AbstractAcomparativemetabolitepro lingapproachbasedongaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC/MS)wasappliedtoinvestigatetheimpactofgeneticback-ground,growinglocationandseasononthechemicalcompositionofmaizegrain.Themetabolitepro lingpro-tocolinvolvedsub-fractionationofthemetabolitesandallowedtheassessmentofabout300distinctanalytesfromdifferentchemicalclasses(polartolipophilic),ofwhich167couldbeidenti ed.Acomparison,overthreeconsec-utivegrowingseasons,ofthemetabolitepro lesoffourmaizecultivarswhichdifferedintheirmaturityclassi ca-tion,wascarriedoutusingprincipalcomponentanalysis(PCA).Thisrevealedastrongseparationofonecultivarinthe rstgrowingseason,whichcouldbeexplainedbytheimmaturityofthekernelsofthiscultivarcomparedwithothersinthe eldtrial.Furtherevaluationsbypair-wisecomparisonusingStudent’st-testandanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)showedthatthegrowingseasonwasthemostprominentimpactfactordrivingvariationofthemetabolitepool.Anincreasedunderstandingofmetabolicvariationwasachievedbyanalysisofasecondsamplesetcomprisingonecultivargrownfor3yearsatfourlocations.Theapplied

ElectronicsupplementarymaterialTheonlineversionofthisarticle(doi:10.1007/s11306-009-0171-5)containssupplementarymaterial,whichisavailabletoauthorizedusers.¨hligÁK.-H.Engel(&)R.M.Ro

¨rAllgemeineLebensmitteltechnologie,Lehrstuhlfu

¨tMu¨nchen,AmForum2,TechnischeUniversita

D-85350Freising-Weihenstephan,Germanye-mail:k.h.engel@wzw.tum.de

J.Eder

¨rP anzenbauundP anzenzu¨chtung,Institutfu

¨rLandwirtschaft,BayerischeLandesanstaltfu

AmGereuth8,D-85354Freising,Germany

GC/MS-basedmetabolitepro lingdemonstratedthenaturalvariationinmaizegrainmetabolitepoolsresultingfromtheinterplayofenvironment,season,andgenotype.KeywordsGC/MS

Metabolitepro lingÁMaizeÁZeamaysÁ

1Introduction

Maizeisoneofthemostimportantcerealfoodandfeedcropsworldwide(FAO2005).Wheninvestigatingtheimpactofgeneticbackground,environmentalconditionsoragronomicpracticesonmaizeseeds,acomparativeanal-ysisofmetabolitesisofparticularinterestastheirlevelscanberegardedasthe nalresponseofanorganismtoallprocessesregulatingmetabolism(Fiehn2002).Recentstudiesonmetabolicchangesduringgrowthanddevelop-ment(Seebaueretal.2004),thein uenceofenvironmentandfarmingpractice(Harriganetal.2007a,b),andtheimpactofgeneticbackgroundandgrowingseasons(Rey-noldsetal.2005;Ridleyetal.2002)havedemonstratedtheimportanceofthesefactorsonmaizemetabolitelevels.Inadditiontothesetargetedapproaches,unbiasedmetab-olitepro lingtechniquesprovedtobepowerfultoolsfortheanalysisofcomplexplantmatrices(CastroandManetti2007;Fiehnetal.2000;Lozovayaetal.2006;Roessneretal.2000).Thesetechniquesaimatextracting,detecting,identifying,andquantifyingabroadspectrumofcom-poundstoprovideadeeperinsightintocomplexbiologicalsystems(Fiehn2001).Recently,investigationoflowphyticacidmutantsofriceandmaizebymeansofmetabolitepro lingcontributedtothecharacterizationandtheclas-si cationofdifferenttypesofmutations(Franketal.2007;Hazebroeketal.2007).

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