语言学chapter2

英语语言学 练习题 考英语专业研究生很有帮助

II. Blank-filling
1. _________ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech.
2. __________ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.
3. Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and ___________ stress.
4. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _________ coming from the lungs.
5. Consonant sounds can be either ________ or _________, while all vowel sounds are _________.
6. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing ________.
7. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the __________ cavity and the nasal cavity.
8. If two speech sounds are in phonemic contrast, they represent __________.
9. The four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are all __________ sounds.
10. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.
11. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of ___________ of articulation.
12. A(n) ____________ is a phonetic unit or segment.
13. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a ___________.
14. In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating _________.
15. When a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound which follows or proceeds it, it is said to be __________.
16. The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called __________ transcription.
17. _________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbours.
18. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as __________.
19. Classification of vowels are made according to all the following: the openness of the mouth, the position of the tongue, ___________, and the shape of the lips.
20. According to _________, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.

III. Multiple choices
1. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ___________ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced
C. vowel D. consonant
2. Phonology is concerned with the sound system of language, it studies th

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