2004年成都电子科技大学博士研究生入学英语翻译试题和答案

2004年成都电子科技大学博士研究生入学英语翻译试题和答案

原文：

The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great.We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can we know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each case is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity.

The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost., for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred.

It is here, we can not evade it; of the effort of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; and while file law may be somtimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commerical, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only benefical to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer who has to conduct affairs upon great scale. That this talent for organization and management is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or condition.

译文：我们对这个有益的改变所付出的代价，毫无疑问，是巨大的。我们安装了成千上外台机器在工厂中和矿井中。我们对雇主知之甚少，他甚至仅仅是个神话。他们之间并没有交流。严格等级制度形成了，通常，相互的忽视孕育了彼此的不信任。每一个事件没有互相的同情，并随时将任何的蔑视与其联系起来。在竞争的原则下，数以千计的雇主被逼进入严格的经济体中，在其中付给劳工的比例很明显。通常，在雇员和雇主、资本和劳动力、穷人和富人间有摩擦。人类的世界失去了平衡。

人类为了竞争性原则所付出的代价，就像他们为了便宜的舒适和奢华所付出的代价一样，也是巨大的。但是这个原则的利大于弊。因为正是因为这样的原则，导致了我们杰出的物质发展，而这些改善了我们的生活条件。但是，无论这个法则是正面的还是负面的，我们得承认，就像承认我们前面提到过的人类生活条件的改变。

它就在这里，我们无法逃避。为此所做出的任何新的替代品的努力我们不能够确定。虽然法律文件有时候对自然人非常苛刻，但是它对整个民族确实最好的，因为它确保了在任何地方都能够适者生存。因此，我们接受并欢迎，就像我们必须要使自己适应环境的不平等那样，对于商业、工业和农业那样，集中在少数人的手中，竞争性原则渗透其中，对未来民族的发展进步有好处。接受这些东西，这意味着对于掌握特别知识的商家和进行大规模生产的厂家必须有一个宽广的视角。对于具有组织和管理才能的人是少数的这一事实可以被下述情况证明：对于持有人来说，不论在什么条件或者哪种法则下，稳定确保了量大。

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