语言学第一章笔记和习题

Chapter one 学点语言学

语言学是对语言的系统研究，对于一个学习英语的人来说，应该懂一点语言学的知识，它可以在理论上对学习语言有指导作用，有助于更好的学习语言。

The Goals for this Course

To get a scientific view on language;

To understand some basic theories on linguistics;

To understand the applications of the linguistic theories, especially in the fields of language teaching & learning (SLA or TEFL), cross-cultural communication……;

To prepare for the future research work.

The Requirements for this course

Class attendance

Classroom discussion

Fulfillment of the assignment

Monthly exam

Examination

Reference Books

戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。

胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。

胡壮麟，李战子，《语言学简明教程》，北京大学出版社

刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。

Fromkin,V. & R. Rodman, (1998), An Introduction to Language the sixth edition, Orlando, Florida: Holt, Ranehart & Winston, Inc.

许国璋先生认为把语言定义成交际工具不够科学,至少不够严谨.他对语言的定义做了如下概括:语言是一种符号系统.

当它作用于人与人之间的关系的时候,它是表达相互反应的中介;

当它作用于人与客观世界的关系的时候,它是认知事物的工具;

当它作用于文化的时候,它是文化的载体.

Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics.

Teaching difficulties: design features of language; some important distinctions in linguistics

Why do we study language?

A tool for communication

An integral part of our life and humanity

If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity.

What can language mean?

Language can mean

what a person says (e.g. bad language, expressions)

the way of speaking or writing (e.g. Shakespeare‘s language, Luxun‘s language)

a particular variety or level of speech or writing (e.g. language for special purpose, colloquial language)

the abstract system underlying the totality of the speech/writing behavior of a community (e.g. Chinese language, first language)

the common features of all human languages (e.g. He studies language)

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