长安大学 专业英语复习参考

2、英译汉

（1）Rear-end collisions, in which one vehicle runs into the back of another, can be treated in the same way as head-on collisions, except that the closing speed is the difference between the two speeds, and, while the occupants of the striking car suffer a frontal impact similar to that experienced in head-on collisions and tend to travel forward with respect to the car, those in the struck car tend to travel backwards relative to the car and therefore apply forces to the back of the seat.一辆车撞击另一辆车后部的追尾碰撞可用与迎面碰撞同样的方法处理，只是接近速度为两车速度之差。尽管撞击车辆上的乘员遭到与迎面碰撞类似的前部碰撞并趋于相对于车辆向前运动，可被碰撞汽车上的乘员趋于相对于汽车向后运动，因此，会产生对座椅后背的作用力。

（2）It will be clear that understeering characteristics, although unlikely to be increased by changes in loading, can, however, be increased by underinflated front tyres, or by combining radial tyres on the rear with crossply tyres on the front wheels, although this change in steering characteristics should be more readily detectable and less likely to cause difficulty than increased oversteering.显然，虽然加载不大可能增大不足转向特性，然而前轮充气不足或因后轴上是子午线轮胎和前轴上的斜交轮胎配套使用却会使之增大，尽管转向特性的上述变化易于察觉而不如觉察过度转向的增大那么困难。

（3）If, however, the overlap between the two cars in a head-on collision is small, so that the deformation and duration of impact are considerably increased, the inside of the car may not have stopped when the occupant strikes it, thus reducing the severity of injury; the way in which one of the cars is constructed may in such cases influence these deformations and durations and thus affect the severity of injuries sustained; the greater the deformation and duration the lower the probability of injury even to an unbelted occupant.然而，如果两车迎面碰撞的重叠部分小而变形和碰撞持续时间增长，当乘员在车内碰撞时，其在车内运动可能尚未停止，这样便减轻了伤害程度。在上述情况下，车内构造方式可能影响这些变形和持续时间，因此影响伤害的严重程度；即使对于未系安全带的乘员来说，变形越大、持续时间越长，则伤害的可能性越小。

（4）If the rear wheels lock and the front wheels do not, the motion of the car is unstable and its rear end usually swings round. Since the front of the car can still be steered, it is sometimes possible at low speeds to correct such skids, but at high speeds on wet roads this can rarely be done, both because action has to be taken so quickly, and because when the car has slewed round by more than about 20º to 30º, it can no longer be steered back on to a straight course. Locking of rear wheels is a common cause of loss of control, both on wet and dry roads……由于汽车的前部仍可转向，在低速情况下校正那样的滑移有时是可能的；但在湿路面高速行驶时几乎不能这么做，这不仅因为必须如此迅速地采取措施，而且因为当汽车回转20-30度时便不能再被转回直线方向。………

总共有70分，另外三十分中有二十分的题目在15，16与17课。

上一页第2页